Core for constructing hollow concrete walls.



A. G. DRAKE.

GORE FOR GONSTRUCTING HOLLOW CONCRETE WALLS.

APPLICATION IILED NOV.16, 1911.

1,045,824. Patented Dec. 3, 1912,

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

g Auameyl A. G. DRAKE. GORE FOR GONSTRUGTING HOLLOW CONCRETE WALLS.APPLICATION I ILED NOV. 16, 1911.

1,045,824., Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

l H. .9. 3%ML COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH (10.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

ALPHONSO G. DRAKE, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

CORE FOR CONSTRUCTING HOLLOW CONCRETE WALLS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1912.

Application filed November 16, 1911. Serial No. 660,654.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALPHoNso G. DRAKE, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, and a resident of Washington, in the District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Cores for ConstructingHollow Concrete IValls, of which the following is a description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification.

My invention relates to that character of core by which bonded hollowmonolithic concrete or composition walls may be constructed, and myinvention consist-s in producing an improved core by which may beconstructed a bonded hollow monolithic concrete or composition wallhaving the outer and inner wall parts bonded together and also havingeach layer bonded to the layer next adjacent above and below, so thateach layer of molded wall may be formed integral and be made integralwith the layer above and below, thus producing a wall which is betterbonded and which to all purposes is equal to a wall formed in a singlepouring, the bond also being strongest where the wall is weakest, thatis, at the intersection of the adjacent layers.

As one of the drawbacks to concrete construction is the heavy initialexpense of preparing cores I have borne in mind constantly the necessityof economy in construction in order to reduce this initial expense, andto this end have designed the cores with the idea of using them manytimes, of making them in varying cooperative unit lengths, of makingthem self-supporting, and of a permanent nature. As another drawback ofconcrete construction is the necessity of handling many pieces, throughmany operations, I have designed the cores with a view to having theparts easy of handling, easy of assembling and easy of dissecting. Asanother drawback of concrete construct-ion is the heavy initial cost ofmaterial for the cores I have designed the cores in such a way that themost economical combination of material may be used, that is woodbacking and galvanized iron facing, with a minimum cost in cutting andcombining.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 is a detail of a section of wallproduced by my improved cores especially illustrating the bonding acrossadjacent layers and portioned for comparatively thin walls.

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section of, a section of wallillustrating the application of the preferred core adjacent windows orother openings in the wall. Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinal sect-ionof a modified form of core on the line 88 of Fig. 9. Fig. 9 is a crosssection of the same on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a top view ofthe same.

I have found that both iron and wood cores tend to adhere to thecomposition of the wall the former warping after drying out and thelatter adhering more with addi tional use. I have found that by coatingall the surfaces which contact with the concrete or composition wit-hgalvanized iron which is cheaper than copper plating or steel cores, Iam able to produce cores that do not warp in repeated use and do notstick to the molded wall, the little composition which adheres aftereach application of the cores being easily washed ofi'. The non-stickingis due to the nature of the coating of galvanized iron which has lesstendency to adhere to concrete, and should it ever adhere may peel andthus give warning before damage results.

21 is the outer layer and 22 the inner layer of a hollow wall such asproduced by my improved cores, the wall having bearing ledges 23 andbeing joined together by bonds having a triangular upper portion 24 anda triangular lower portion 25 formed integral and simultaneously.

My preferred form of the ordinary or upper course cores comprises innerand outer side plates 56 and 57 having both their wall and bond faceswider at the top than at the bottom, and end pieces 58 supported therebyand having their bond faces narrower at the top than at the bottom andhaving clownwardly and outwardly extending feet 59. The wall faces ofthe side plates incline inwardly from the bottom up when in position andthe bond faces of both side plates and end pieces incline outwardly fromthe separating the core.

bottom up. The wall faces of the feet are vertical and are insetsufficiently so that they do not touch the-wall when the core is inposition and the bond faces of the feet are inclined inwardly from thebottom up. It

will be seen that the two adjacent feet and the overhanging faces of thecore above them make a diamond shaped pocket for the reception ofcomposition which may creep past the edgesnext the wall enough to insurea rounded corner and good bond but cannot drop below. All the faces thatare intended to contact with the wall are faced with galvanized iron.

The effect of a series of such cores is to form within the course ofcomposition wall a series of hollow spaces with side faces inwardlyinclined from the bottom up, separated by bonds diamond shaped in crosssection, and pointed top and bottom. Superposition of such courses ofwall furnishes narrow shelves or ledges upon which the cores for thenext higher course may be sup ported and centered. The bonds are made insuch a position that the widest and strongest part of the bond comesopposite the part of the wall which is thinnest and weakest, thuscompensating for the loss of material due tothe inclination of the wallfaces. The ledge owing to the peculiar construction of the core isnarrow and the inclination of wall slight, while a good angle or slantoccurs between the side plates and end pieces whereby they are easilyloosened.

The side plates of the core are provided with matching grooves 60 acrosstheir top surfaces near the ends thereof and the end pieces are furtherprovided wit-h L shaped brackets 61 secured fast thereto and pins 62 areset in the grooves and under the brackets and serve to position andsecure the side plates and end pieces with relation to each other whenthe core is in position, or assembled. Clips 26 of galvanized iron maybe used to hold the lower part of the core from spreading and also tocatch the end pieces when they are dropped in the process of Slots 68 inthe inner sides of the side plates into which enter pins 69 projectingfrom the lower ends of the abutting edges of the end pieces aline andprevent any wabbling of the end pieces when the core is assembled.

When the core is to be removed from the completed course the pins 62 arepushed or knocked out, the end pieces dropped until the side plates areloosened, the side plates lifted out, the clip 26 removed, and the endpieces lifted out. The end pieces of each core are connected by a cordor wire 67 so that when they drop by the removal of the pins 62 theywill straddle clip 26 or the next I lower alternate bond and hang withinreach until removed by hand. When the core is again assembled it is seton the ledges able them to clear the sides but not enough 0 to permitthe composition to drop.

The result of the operation is that the course next made not only hasits inner and outer parts bonded together but is bonded to the coursepreviously completed and will in turn have the course next above bondedto it.

In making walls where it is desirable that the wall be hollow and thinthe construction of my preferred form of core allows of a core beingmade and worked as thin as de sired owing to the fact that the endpieces are made with the grain running lengthwise of the piece allowingof the use of thin lumber and to the fact that the pin securing meanscan be used in very narrow cores, as it does not require the entrance ofa tool or the hand into the space between the sides of the molds as doesthe construction illus trated in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 and cores now in use.This thin core differs from ordinary or upper course cores only in thethickness of the end pieces. The preferred form of core can be made aswide as necessary or as narrow as necessary.

A modification of my ordinary or upper course core is illustrated inFigs. 8, 9 and 10, wherein bolts 62 are used to connect side plates 57and end pieces 58 which carry depending feet 59. This core is ofadvantage only where the hollow portions of the wall are very wide inproportion to the solid portions of the wall. Two brackets and pinsmight be used similar to the brackets and pins used in the preferredform one bracket being secured toward one side and the other toward theother side of the core enabling short pins to be used.

Where it is necessary to superimpose bonds as at corners and openingscore end pieces are used with feet that project only to a line droppedperpendicularly from a point on the outwardly inclined end face of thecore at a distance from its top equal to the distance that the feet ofthe end wall extend below the body of the core. This curtailing of thefeet, which is obtained by a greater slant of the inclined faces of thefeet, permits the use of the core directly over the position of the corewhen making the course below and avoids cutting into the bond previouslyformed, but instead, adds to it, thus providing a bond which, inconnection with the bonds of adjacent courses, extends from bottom totop of the opening on either side thereof. The spaces between the topand bottom of the continuous bonds may be closed by connecting the innerand outer parts of the course just below the sill with a piece of wirenet 63 and depositing composition 64.- thereon up to the line of thesill to form the sill, and by depositing composition 65 on top of theframe forming the lintel. Both sill and lintel become self supporting onhardening, owing to their bonding with the wall.

The most important features of my invention therefore are the forming ofa bond between courses by extending the feet of the core below the sideplates thereof, the bond being preferably of diamond shape and widest atthe line of juncture of adjacent courses, a feat not hithertoaccomplished with unit or knockdown cores; the obtaining of an easyseparation of core parts by making a good slant between the separatingparts; the permitting of such a slant in combination with a narrow shelfon which to support the core by tapering the side plates of the core,producing a wall which varies very little in its thickness and isthereby made of uniform strength with the aid of the diamond shapedbond; the making of a complete closure or bond about an opening such asa window, without the use of special cores; the making of a perfectlybonded vermin and insect proof hollow composition wall; and the use ofgalvanized iron faced wooden cores in the interest of economy.

A wall constructed as outlined above is practically fire, moisture,vermin, and wear proof and a poor conductor of heat and cold owing tothe fact that it is built of inner and outer portions connected only atintervals by staggered bonds, and when used as an interior wall can bereadily prepared as a carrier of heat from one part of a house toanother, heating pipes being led simply into the wall, and the heatbeing drawn from the hollow space at the point desired.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as newtherein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A core comprising side plates and end pieces provided with downwardlyand outwardly extending feet; the bond faces of both the side plates andthe end pieces being inclined outwardly from the bottom up, and the bondfaces of the feet being inclined inwardly from the bottom up.

2. A core'comprising side plates and end pieces provided with downwardlyand outwardly extending feet having vertical wall faces inset beneaththe side plates; the bond faces of both the side plates and the endpieces being inclined outwardly from the bottom up, and the bond facesof the feet being inclined inwardly from the bottom up.

3. A core comprising side plates having both their wall and bond faceswider at the top than at the bottom and end pieces fitting between theside plates and having their bond faces wider at the bottom than at thetop and provided with downwardly and out wardly extending feet; the bondfaces of both the side plates and the end pieces being inclinedoutwardly from the bottom up, and the bond faces of the feet beinginclined inwardly from the bottom up.

4. A core comprising side plates having both their wall and bond faceswider at the top than at the bottom and their wall faces inclinedinwardly from the bottom up, and end pieces fitting between the sideplates and having their bond faces wider at the bottom than at the topand provided with downwardly and outwardly extending feet; the bondfaces of both the side plates and the end pieces being inclinedoutwardly from the bottom up and the bond faces of the feet beinginclined inwardly from the bottom up.

5. A core comprising side plates, end pieces provided with downwardlyand outwardly extending feet, and means for detachably securing the sideplates and end pieces together; the bond faces of both the side platesand the end pieces being inclined outwardly from the bottom up, and thebond faces of the feet being inclined inwardly from the bottom up.

6. A core comprising side plates, end pieces provided with downwardlyand outwardly extending feet, and pins and brackets detachably securingthe side plates and end pieces together; the bond faces of both the sideplates and the end pieces being inclined outwardly from the bottom up,and the bond faces of the feet being inclined inwardly from the bottomup.

7. A core comprising side plates, end pieces provided with downwardlyand outwardly extending feet and a U-shaped clip for holding the sideplates from spreading; the bond faces of both the side plates and theend pieces being inclined outwardly from the bottom up, and the bondfaces of the feet being inclined inwardly from the bottom up.

ALPHONSO G. DRAKE. Witnesses:

WALTER ALLEN, WALTER ELLwooD ALLEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). G.

